diff --git a/build.gradle.kts b/build.gradle.kts
index a2ea04e..8f3c965 100644
--- a/build.gradle.kts
+++ b/build.gradle.kts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 plugins {
-    kotlin("multiplatform") version "2.4.10" apply false
-    id("maven-publish")
+    alias(libs.plugins.kotlin.multiplatform) apply false
+    alias(libs.plugins.maven.publish)
 }
 
 allprojects {
diff --git a/gradle/libs.versions.toml b/gradle/libs.versions.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f6c84cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gradle/libs.versions.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+[versions]
+kotlin = "2.4.10"
+kotlinx-io = "0.9.1"
+ktor-network = "3.5.2"
+coroutines-test = "1.11.0"
+
+[libraries]
+kotlinx-io = { module = "org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-io-core", version.ref = "kotlinx-io" }
+ktor-network = { module = "io.ktor:ktor-network", version.ref = "ktor-network" }
+kotlinx-coroutines-test = { module = "org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-coroutines-test", version.ref = "coroutines-test" }
+
+[plugins]
+kotlin-multiplatform = { id = "org.jetbrains.kotlin.multiplatform", version.ref = "kotlin" }
+maven-publish = { id = "maven-publish" }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/libmc-common/build.gradle.kts b/libmc-common/build.gradle.kts
index b9a9960..ecbc18f 100644
--- a/libmc-common/build.gradle.kts
+++ b/libmc-common/build.gradle.kts
@@ -17,13 +17,13 @@ kotlin {
         }
 
         nativeMain.dependencies {
-            implementation("io.ktor:ktor-network:3.5.2")
-            implementation("org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-io-core:0.9.1")
+            implementation(libs.ktor.network)
+            implementation(libs.kotlinx.io)
         }
 
         commonTest.dependencies {
             implementation(kotlin("test"))
-            implementation("org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-coroutines-test:1.11.0")
+            implementation(libs.kotlinx.coroutines.test)
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/libmc-common/src/commonMain/kotlin/cn/rtast/libmc/common/buffer.kt b/libmc-common/src/commonMain/kotlin/cn/rtast/libmc/common/buffer.kt
index 0e9186d..3a1d9e1 100644
--- a/libmc-common/src/commonMain/kotlin/cn/rtast/libmc/common/buffer.kt
+++ b/libmc-common/src/commonMain/kotlin/cn/rtast/libmc/common/buffer.kt
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ public expect class _Buffer {
     public fun hasRemaining(): Boolean
     public fun close()
     public val size: Int
+    public val remaining: Long
 }
 
 public fun ByteArray.wrap(): _Buffer = _Buffer(this)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/libmc-common/src/commonMain/kotlin/cn/rtast/libmc/common/codec.kt b/libmc-common/src/commonMain/kotlin/cn/rtast/libmc/common/codec.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..66e2546
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libmc-common/src/commonMain/kotlin/cn/rtast/libmc/common/codec.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright © 2026 RTAkland
+ * Author: RTAkland
+ * Date: 2026/9/4
+ */
+
+
+package cn.rtast.libmc.common
+
+public interface Encoder<in T> {
+    public fun encode(buffer: _Buffer, value: T)
+
+    public fun encodeToByteArray(value: T): ByteArray {
+        val buf = _Buffer()
+        encode(buf, value)
+        return buf.toByteArray()
+    }
+}
+
+public interface Decoder<out T> {
+    public fun decode(buffer: _Buffer): T
+
+    public fun decodeFromByteArray(bytes: ByteArray): T = decode(bytes.wrap())
+}
+
+public interface PacketCodec<T> : Encoder<T>, Decoder<T>
+
+@Suppress("NOTHING_TO_INLINE")
+public inline fun <T> _Buffer.write(value: T, encoder: Encoder<T>): Unit = encoder.encode(this, value)
+
+@Suppress("NOTHING_TO_INLINE")
+public inline fun <T> _Buffer.read(decoder: Decoder<T>): T = decoder.decode(this)
+
+public fun _Buffer.writeBuffer(source: _Buffer, length: Long = source.remaining) {
+    if (length <= 0) return
+    val bytes = source.readBytes(length.toInt())
+    this.writeBytes(bytes)
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/libmc-common/src/commonMain/kotlin/cn/rtast/libmc/common/zlib.kt b/libmc-common/src/commonMain/kotlin/cn/rtast/libmc/common/zlib.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e36ca76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libmc-common/src/commonMain/kotlin/cn/rtast/libmc/common/zlib.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright © 2026 RTAkland
+ * Author: RTAkland
+ * Date: 2026/9/4
+ */
+
+
+package cn.rtast.libmc.common
+
+internal expect fun ByteArray.zlibDecompress(): ByteArray
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/libmc-common/src/jvmMain/kotlin/cn/rtast/libmc/common/buffer.jvm.kt b/libmc-common/src/jvmMain/kotlin/cn/rtast/libmc/common/buffer.jvm.kt
index a94cf25..80529c4 100644
--- a/libmc-common/src/jvmMain/kotlin/cn/rtast/libmc/common/buffer.jvm.kt
+++ b/libmc-common/src/jvmMain/kotlin/cn/rtast/libmc/common/buffer.jvm.kt
@@ -94,4 +94,5 @@ public actual class _Buffer {
 
     public actual fun close(): Unit = outStream.close()
     public actual val size: Int get() = outStream.size()
+    public actual val remaining: Long get() = (outStream.size() - readOffset).coerceAtLeast(0).toLong()
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/libmc-common/src/jvmMain/kotlin/cn/rtast/libmc/common/zlib.jvm.kt b/libmc-common/src/jvmMain/kotlin/cn/rtast/libmc/common/zlib.jvm.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d97e719
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libmc-common/src/jvmMain/kotlin/cn/rtast/libmc/common/zlib.jvm.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright © 2026 RTAkland
+ * Author: RTAkland
+ * Date: 2026/9/4
+ */
+
+package cn.rtast.libmc.common
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream
+import java.util.zip.GZIPInputStream
+import java.util.zip.Inflater
+
+public actual fun ByteArray.zlibDecompress(): ByteArray {
+    if (isEmpty()) return byteArrayOf()
+    val isGzip = size >= 2 && this[0] == 0x1F.toByte() && this[1] == 0x8B.toByte()
+    return if (isGzip) this.gzipDecompress() else {
+        val inflater = Inflater(false)
+        val outputStream = ByteArrayOutputStream(this.size)
+        val buffer = ByteArray(1024)
+        inflater.setInput(this)
+        while (!inflater.finished()) {
+            val length = inflater.inflate(buffer)
+            if (length > 0) outputStream.write(buffer, 0, length)
+        }
+        inflater.end()
+        outputStream.toByteArray()
+    }
+}
+
+private fun ByteArray.gzipDecompress(): ByteArray {
+    if (isEmpty()) return byteArrayOf()
+    ByteArrayInputStream(this).use { bais ->
+        GZIPInputStream(bais).use { gzis ->
+            val outputStream = ByteArrayOutputStream(this.size * 2)
+            val buffer = ByteArray(1024)
+            var len: Int
+            while (gzis.read(buffer).also { len = it } != -1) {
+                outputStream.write(buffer, 0, len)
+            }
+            return outputStream.toByteArray()
+        }
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/libmc-common/src/nativeMain/kotlin/cn/rtast/libmc/common/buffer.native.kt b/libmc-common/src/nativeMain/kotlin/cn/rtast/libmc/common/buffer.native.kt
index bca7cd2..7fd1346 100644
--- a/libmc-common/src/nativeMain/kotlin/cn/rtast/libmc/common/buffer.native.kt
+++ b/libmc-common/src/nativeMain/kotlin/cn/rtast/libmc/common/buffer.native.kt
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 package cn.rtast.libmc.common
 
 import io.ktor.utils.io.bits.*
+import io.ktor.utils.io.core.*
 import kotlinx.io.Buffer
 import kotlinx.io.readByteArray
 
@@ -68,6 +69,6 @@ public actual class _Buffer {
     public actual fun hasRemaining(): Boolean = !_delegateBuf.exhausted()
     public actual fun close(): Unit = _delegateBuf.close()
 
-    public actual val size: Int
-        get() = _delegateBuf.size.toInt()
+    public actual val size: Int get() = _delegateBuf.size.toInt()
+    public actual val remaining: Long get() = _delegateBuf.remaining
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/libmc-common/src/nativeMain/kotlin/cn/rtast/libmc/common/zlib.native.kt b/libmc-common/src/nativeMain/kotlin/cn/rtast/libmc/common/zlib.native.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6de10d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libmc-common/src/nativeMain/kotlin/cn/rtast/libmc/common/zlib.native.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright © 2026 RTAkland
+ * Author: RTAkland
+ * Date: 2026/9/4
+ */
+
+@file:OptIn(ExperimentalForeignApi::class)
+
+package cn.rtast.libmc.common
+
+import kotlinx.cinterop.*
+import platform.zlib.*
+
+private const val ENABLE_ZLIB_GZIP_HEADER = 15 + 32
+
+public actual fun ByteArray.zlibDecompress(): ByteArray {
+    if (isEmpty()) return ByteArray(0)
+    return memScoped {
+        val stream = alloc<z_stream>()
+        stream.zalloc = null
+        stream.zfree = null
+        stream.opaque = null
+
+        val initResult = inflateInit2_(
+            stream.ptr,
+            ENABLE_ZLIB_GZIP_HEADER,
+            ZLIB_VERSION,
+            sizeOf<z_stream>().toInt()
+        )
+        check(initResult == Z_OK) { "inflateInit2_ failed with code: $initResult" }
+
+        val inputPinned = this@zlibDecompress.pin()
+        try {
+            stream.next_in = inputPinned.addressOf(0).reinterpret()
+            stream.avail_in = this@zlibDecompress.size.toUInt()
+
+            val bufferSize = 4096
+            val tempBuffer = ByteArray(bufferSize)
+            val tempPinned = tempBuffer.pin()
+            val output = ArrayList<Byte>(this@zlibDecompress.size * 3)
+
+            try {
+                var result: Int
+                do {
+                    stream.next_out = tempPinned.addressOf(0).reinterpret()
+                    stream.avail_out = bufferSize.toUInt()
+
+                    result = inflate(stream.ptr, Z_NO_FLUSH)
+                    check(result == Z_OK || result == Z_STREAM_END) { "inflate error: $result" }
+
+                    val bytesDecompressed = bufferSize - stream.avail_out.toInt()
+                    for (i in 0 until bytesDecompressed) {
+                        output.add(tempBuffer[i])
+                    }
+
+                    if (result == Z_STREAM_END) break
+                } while (stream.avail_in > 0u || stream.avail_out == 0u)
+            } finally {
+                tempPinned.unpin()
+            }
+
+            inflateEnd(stream.ptr)
+            return@memScoped output.toByteArray()
+        } finally {
+            inputPinned.unpin()
+        }
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/libmc-mcping/build.gradle.kts b/libmc-mcping/build.gradle.kts
index d88aef9..1dabf62 100644
--- a/libmc-mcping/build.gradle.kts
+++ b/libmc-mcping/build.gradle.kts
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ kotlin {
 
         commonTest.dependencies {
             implementation(kotlin("test"))
-            implementation("org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-coroutines-test:1.11.0")
+            implementation(libs.kotlinx.coroutines.test)
         }
     }
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/libmc-mcping/src/commonMain/kotlin/cn/rtast/libmc/mcping/bedrock/packet.kt b/libmc-mcping/src/commonMain/kotlin/cn/rtast/libmc/mcping/bedrock/packet.kt
index 287419d..ccf186a 100644
--- a/libmc-mcping/src/commonMain/kotlin/cn/rtast/libmc/mcping/bedrock/packet.kt
+++ b/libmc-mcping/src/commonMain/kotlin/cn/rtast/libmc/mcping/bedrock/packet.kt
@@ -7,10 +7,11 @@
 
 package cn.rtast.libmc.mcping.bedrock
 
+import cn.rtast.libmc.common.PacketCodec
 import cn.rtast.libmc.common._Buffer
 import kotlin.random.Random
 
-private val rakNetMagic = byteArrayOf(
+private val RAKNET_MAGIC = byteArrayOf(
     0x00, 0xFF.toByte(),
     0xFF.toByte(), 0x00,
     0xFE.toByte(), 0xFE.toByte(),
@@ -22,24 +23,24 @@ private val rakNetMagic = byteArrayOf(
 
 internal interface MinecraftBedrockPacket {
     val packetId: Byte
-    val time: Long
-    val magic: ByteArray
-
-    fun writePayload(buffer: _Buffer)
 }
 
 internal data class BedrockRequestPacket(
-    override val time: Long,
-    override val magic: ByteArray = rakNetMagic,
+    val time: Long,
+    val magic: ByteArray = RAKNET_MAGIC,
     val guid: Long = Random.nextLong(),
 ) : MinecraftBedrockPacket {
     override val packetId: Byte = 0x01
 
-    override fun writePayload(buffer: _Buffer) {
-        buffer.writeByte(packetId)
-        buffer.writeLong(time)
-        buffer.writeBytes(magic)
-        buffer.writeLong(guid)
+    companion object Codec : PacketCodec<BedrockRequestPacket> {
+        override fun encode(buffer: _Buffer, value: BedrockRequestPacket) {
+            buffer.writeByte(value.packetId)
+            buffer.writeLong(value.time)
+            buffer.writeBytes(value.magic)
+            buffer.writeLong(value.guid)
+        }
+
+        override fun decode(buffer: _Buffer): BedrockRequestPacket = throw UnsupportedOperationException()
     }
 
     override fun equals(other: Any?): Boolean {
@@ -64,13 +65,27 @@ internal data class BedrockRequestPacket(
 
 internal data class BedrockResponsePacket(
     override val packetId: Byte,
-    override val time: Long,
+    val time: Long,
     val serverGuid: Long,
-    override val magic: ByteArray,
-    val stringLength: Short,
+    val magic: ByteArray,
     val payload: String,
 ) : MinecraftBedrockPacket {
-    override fun writePayload(buffer: _Buffer) {}
+
+    companion object Codec : PacketCodec<BedrockResponsePacket> {
+        override fun encode(buffer: _Buffer, value: BedrockResponsePacket) = throw UnsupportedOperationException()
+        override fun decode(buffer: _Buffer): BedrockResponsePacket {
+            val packetId = buffer.readByte()
+            if (packetId != 0x1C.toByte()) throw IllegalStateException("Expected pong id 0x1C, got $packetId")
+            val time = buffer.readLong()
+            val serverGuid = buffer.readLong()
+            val magic = buffer.readBytes(16)
+            if (!magic.contentEquals(RAKNET_MAGIC)) throw IllegalStateException("Invalid magic in response")
+            val payloadLength = buffer.readShort().toInt() and 0xFFFF
+            val payloadBytes = buffer.readBytes(payloadLength)
+            val payload = payloadBytes.decodeToString()
+            return BedrockResponsePacket(packetId, time, serverGuid, magic, payload)
+        }
+    }
 
     override fun equals(other: Any?): Boolean {
         if (this === other) return true
@@ -79,10 +94,8 @@ internal data class BedrockResponsePacket(
         if (packetId != other.packetId) return false
         if (time != other.time) return false
         if (serverGuid != other.serverGuid) return false
-        if (stringLength != other.stringLength) return false
         if (!magic.contentEquals(other.magic)) return false
         if (payload != other.payload) return false
-
         return true
     }
 
@@ -90,7 +103,6 @@ internal data class BedrockResponsePacket(
         var result = packetId.toInt()
         result = 31 * result + time.hashCode()
         result = 31 * result + serverGuid.hashCode()
-        result = 31 * result + stringLength
         result = 31 * result + magic.contentHashCode()
         result = 31 * result + payload.hashCode()
         return result
diff --git a/libmc-mcping/src/commonMain/kotlin/cn/rtast/libmc/mcping/bedrock/packet_writer.kt b/libmc-mcping/src/commonMain/kotlin/cn/rtast/libmc/mcping/bedrock/packet_writer.kt
index 94c70c8..224bde5 100644
--- a/libmc-mcping/src/commonMain/kotlin/cn/rtast/libmc/mcping/bedrock/packet_writer.kt
+++ b/libmc-mcping/src/commonMain/kotlin/cn/rtast/libmc/mcping/bedrock/packet_writer.kt
@@ -7,12 +7,13 @@
 
 package cn.rtast.libmc.mcping.bedrock
 
+import cn.rtast.libmc.common.PacketCodec
 import cn.rtast.libmc.common._Buffer
 import cn.rtast.libmc.common._UdpSocket
 
 
-internal fun _UdpSocket.sendPacket(packet: MinecraftBedrockPacket): ByteArray  {
+internal fun <T : MinecraftBedrockPacket> _UdpSocket.sendPacket(packet: T, codec: PacketCodec<T>): ByteArray {
     val buf = _Buffer()
-    packet.writePayload(buf)
+    codec.encode(buf, packet)
     return sendAndReceive(buf.toByteArray())
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/libmc-mcping/src/commonMain/kotlin/cn/rtast/libmc/mcping/bedrock/ping_bedrock.kt b/libmc-mcping/src/commonMain/kotlin/cn/rtast/libmc/mcping/bedrock/ping_bedrock.kt
index f38487b..e20748e 100644
--- a/libmc-mcping/src/commonMain/kotlin/cn/rtast/libmc/mcping/bedrock/ping_bedrock.kt
+++ b/libmc-mcping/src/commonMain/kotlin/cn/rtast/libmc/mcping/bedrock/ping_bedrock.kt
@@ -17,17 +17,12 @@ internal fun pingBedrockServer(host: String, port: Int, context: LibMCContext):
     val socket = _UdpSocket(host, port, context)
     return try {
         val sendTime = Clock.System.now().toEpochMilliseconds()
-        val packet = BedrockRequestPacket(sendTime)
-        val responseBytes = socket.sendPacket(packet)
+        val requestPacket = BedrockRequestPacket(sendTime)
+        val responseBytes = socket.sendPacket(requestPacket, BedrockRequestPacket)
         val receiveTime = Clock.System.now().toEpochMilliseconds()
-        val buf = responseBytes.wrap()
-        buf.readByte()  // packet id
-        buf.readLong() // time
-        buf.readLong()  // server guid
-        buf.readBytes(16)  // magic refer to `rakNetMagic`
-        val payloadLength = buf.readShort()
-        val payload = buf.readBytes(payloadLength.toInt())
-        PingResponse(payload.decodeToString(), (receiveTime - sendTime).toInt())
+        val responsePacket = BedrockResponsePacket.decode(responseBytes.wrap())
+        val latency = (receiveTime - sendTime).toInt()
+        PingResponse(responsePacket.payload, latency)
     } finally {
         socket.close()
     }
diff --git a/libmc-mcping/src/commonMain/kotlin/cn/rtast/libmc/mcping/java/mc_primitives.kt b/libmc-mcping/src/commonMain/kotlin/cn/rtast/libmc/mcping/java/mc_primitives.kt
index f9ba094..d9e4216 100644
--- a/libmc-mcping/src/commonMain/kotlin/cn/rtast/libmc/mcping/java/mc_primitives.kt
+++ b/libmc-mcping/src/commonMain/kotlin/cn/rtast/libmc/mcping/java/mc_primitives.kt
@@ -6,43 +6,49 @@
 
 package cn.rtast.libmc.mcping.java
 
+import cn.rtast.libmc.common.PacketCodec
 import cn.rtast.libmc.common._Buffer
-import cn.rtast.libmc.common._ReadChannel
 
-
-internal fun _Buffer.writeVarInt(value: Int) {
-    var v = value
-    while (true) {
-        if ((v and 0x7F.inv()) == 0) {
-            this.writeByte(v.toByte())
-            return
+internal object VarIntCodec : PacketCodec<Int> {
+    override fun encode(buffer: _Buffer, value: Int) {
+        var v = value
+        while (true) {
+            if ((v and 0x7F.inv()) == 0) {
+                buffer.writeByte(v.toByte())
+                return
+            }
+            buffer.writeByte(((v and 0x7F) or 0x80).toByte())
+            v = v ushr 7
         }
-        this.writeByte(((v and 0x7F) or 0x80).toByte())
-        v = v ushr 7
+    }
+
+    override fun decode(buffer: _Buffer): Int {
+        var value = 0
+        var position = 0
+        while (true) {
+            val currentByte = buffer.readByte().toInt() and 0xFF
+            value = value or ((currentByte and 0x7F) shl position)
+            if ((currentByte and 0x80) == 0) break
+            position += 7
+            if (position >= 35) throw IllegalArgumentException("VarInt too long")
+        }
+        return value
     }
 }
 
-internal fun _ReadChannel.readVarInt(): Int {
-    var value = 0
-    var position = 0
-    while (true) {
-        val currentByte = this.readByte().toInt() and 0xFF
-        value = value or ((currentByte and 0x7F) shl position)
-        if ((currentByte and 0x80) == 0) break
-        position += 7
-        if (position >= 35) throw IllegalArgumentException("VarInt too long")
+internal object McStringCodec : PacketCodec<String> {
+    override fun encode(buffer: _Buffer, value: String) {
+        val bytes = value.encodeToByteArray()
+        VarIntCodec.encode(buffer, bytes.size)
+        buffer.writeBytes(bytes)
+    }
+
+    override fun decode(buffer: _Buffer): String {
+        val length = VarIntCodec.decode(buffer)
+        val bytes = buffer.readBytes(length)
+        return bytes.decodeToString()
     }
-    return value
 }
 
-internal fun _Buffer.writeMcString(value: String) {
-    val bytes = value.encodeToByteArray()
-    this.writeVarInt(bytes.size)
-    this.writeBytes(bytes)
-}
-
-internal fun _ReadChannel.readMcString(): String {
-    val length = this.readVarInt()
-    val bytes = this.readBytes(length)
-    return bytes.decodeToString()
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+internal fun _Buffer.writeVarInt(value: Int) = VarIntCodec.encode(this, value)
+internal fun _Buffer.readVarInt(): Int = VarIntCodec.decode(this)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/libmc-mcping/src/commonMain/kotlin/cn/rtast/libmc/mcping/java/packet.kt b/libmc-mcping/src/commonMain/kotlin/cn/rtast/libmc/mcping/java/packet.kt
index 0c78f8f..25fc2a8 100644
--- a/libmc-mcping/src/commonMain/kotlin/cn/rtast/libmc/mcping/java/packet.kt
+++ b/libmc-mcping/src/commonMain/kotlin/cn/rtast/libmc/mcping/java/packet.kt
@@ -7,12 +7,11 @@
 
 package cn.rtast.libmc.mcping.java
 
+import cn.rtast.libmc.common.PacketCodec
 import cn.rtast.libmc.common._Buffer
 
 internal interface MinecraftPacket {
     val packetId: Int
-
-    fun writePayload(buffer: _Buffer)
 }
 
 // ref https://minecraft.wiki/w/Java_Edition_protocol/Packets#Handshake
@@ -20,29 +19,41 @@ internal data class HandshakePacket(
     val protocolVersion: Int,
     val serverAddress: String,
     val serverPort: UShort,
-    // 1 -> Status
+    // 1 -> Status, 2 -> Login
     val nextState: Int,
 ) : MinecraftPacket {
     override val packetId: Int = 0x00
 
-    override fun writePayload(buffer: _Buffer) {
-        buffer.writeVarInt(protocolVersion)
-        buffer.writeMcString(serverAddress)
-        // write UShort
-        // write 2 bytes big endian
-        buffer.writeByte((serverPort.toInt() shr 8).toByte())
-        buffer.writeByte(serverPort.toByte())
-        buffer.writeVarInt(nextState)
+    companion object Codec : PacketCodec<HandshakePacket> {
+        override fun encode(buffer: _Buffer, value: HandshakePacket) {
+            VarIntCodec.encode(buffer, value.protocolVersion)
+            McStringCodec.encode(buffer, value.serverAddress)
+            buffer.writeShort(value.serverPort.toShort())
+            VarIntCodec.encode(buffer, value.nextState)
+        }
+
+        override fun decode(buffer: _Buffer): HandshakePacket = throw UnsupportedOperationException()
     }
 }
 
 // ref https://minecraft.wiki/w/Java_Edition_protocol/Packets#Status
-internal data object StatusRequestPacket : MinecraftPacket {
+internal data object StatusRequestPacket : MinecraftPacket, PacketCodec<StatusRequestPacket> {
     override val packetId: Int = 0x00
-    override fun writePayload(buffer: _Buffer) {}
+
+    override fun encode(buffer: _Buffer, value: StatusRequestPacket) {}
+    override fun decode(buffer: _Buffer): StatusRequestPacket = throw UnsupportedOperationException()
 }
 
 internal data class PingPacket(val currentTime: Long) : MinecraftPacket {
     override val packetId: Int = 0x01
-    override fun writePayload(buffer: _Buffer) = buffer.writeLong(currentTime)
+
+    companion object : PacketCodec<PingPacket> {
+        override fun encode(buffer: _Buffer, value: PingPacket) {
+            buffer.writeLong(value.currentTime)
+        }
+
+        override fun decode(buffer: _Buffer): PingPacket {
+            return PingPacket(buffer.readLong())
+        }
+    }
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/libmc-mcping/src/commonMain/kotlin/cn/rtast/libmc/mcping/java/packet_writer.kt b/libmc-mcping/src/commonMain/kotlin/cn/rtast/libmc/mcping/java/packet_writer.kt
index f4b12a7..7999991 100644
--- a/libmc-mcping/src/commonMain/kotlin/cn/rtast/libmc/mcping/java/packet_writer.kt
+++ b/libmc-mcping/src/commonMain/kotlin/cn/rtast/libmc/mcping/java/packet_writer.kt
@@ -7,16 +7,20 @@
 
 package cn.rtast.libmc.mcping.java
 
+import cn.rtast.libmc.common.PacketCodec
 import cn.rtast.libmc.common._Buffer
 import cn.rtast.libmc.common._WriteChannel
+import cn.rtast.libmc.common.write
+import cn.rtast.libmc.common.writeBuffer
 
-internal fun _WriteChannel.sendPacket(packet: MinecraftPacket) {
+
+internal fun <T : MinecraftPacket> _WriteChannel.sendPacket(packet: T, codec: PacketCodec<T>) {
     val bodyBuffer = _Buffer()
-    bodyBuffer.writeVarInt(packet.packetId)
-    packet.writePayload(bodyBuffer)
+    bodyBuffer.write(packet.packetId, VarIntCodec)
+    codec.encode(bodyBuffer, packet)
     val frameBuffer = _Buffer()
-    frameBuffer.writeVarInt(bodyBuffer.size)
-    frameBuffer.writeBytes(bodyBuffer.toByteArray())
+    frameBuffer.write(bodyBuffer.size, VarIntCodec)
+    frameBuffer.writeBuffer(bodyBuffer)
     val bytes = frameBuffer.toByteArray()
     this.writeFully(bytes, 0, bytes.size)
     this.flush()
diff --git a/libmc-mcping/src/commonMain/kotlin/cn/rtast/libmc/mcping/java/ping_java.kt b/libmc-mcping/src/commonMain/kotlin/cn/rtast/libmc/mcping/java/ping_java.kt
index 8966ab2..0b5742b 100644
--- a/libmc-mcping/src/commonMain/kotlin/cn/rtast/libmc/mcping/java/ping_java.kt
+++ b/libmc-mcping/src/commonMain/kotlin/cn/rtast/libmc/mcping/java/ping_java.kt
@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@
 package cn.rtast.libmc.mcping.java
 
 import cn.rtast.libmc.common.LibMCContext
+import cn.rtast.libmc.common._Buffer
+import cn.rtast.libmc.common._ReadChannel
 import cn.rtast.libmc.common._Socket
 import cn.rtast.libmc.mcping.PingResponse
 import kotlin.time.Clock
@@ -24,22 +26,46 @@ internal fun pingJavaServer(host: String, port: Int, context: LibMCContext): Pin
             serverPort = port.toUShort(),
             nextState = 1
         )
-        sendChannel.sendPacket(handshakePacket)
-        sendChannel.sendPacket(StatusRequestPacket)
+        sendChannel.sendPacket(handshakePacket, HandshakePacket)
+        sendChannel.sendPacket(StatusRequestPacket, StatusRequestPacket)
 
-        receiveChannel.readVarInt()  // consume a varint
-        val packetId = receiveChannel.readVarInt()
-        val jsonResponse = if (packetId == StatusRequestPacket.packetId) receiveChannel.readMcString()
-        else throw IllegalStateException("Server does not respond correct packet id, expected ${StatusRequestPacket.packetId} but got $packetId")
+        val statusFrameBuffer = receiveChannel.readPacketFrame()
+        val statusPacketId = VarIntCodec.decode(statusFrameBuffer)
+        if (statusPacketId != 0x00) {
+            throw IllegalStateException("Expected StatusResponse packet ID 0x00, got $statusPacketId")
+        }
+        val jsonResponse = McStringCodec.decode(statusFrameBuffer)
 
         val sendTime = Clock.System.now().toEpochMilliseconds()
         val pingPacket = PingPacket(sendTime)
-        sendChannel.sendPacket(pingPacket)
-        receiveChannel.readVarInt()  // consume a varint
-        receiveChannel.readVarInt()  // packet id
-        receiveChannel.readLong() // pong packet payload
-        PingResponse(jsonResponse, (Clock.System.now().toEpochMilliseconds() - sendTime).toInt())
+        sendChannel.sendPacket(pingPacket, PingPacket)
+
+        val pongFrameBuffer = receiveChannel.readPacketFrame()
+        val pongPacketId = VarIntCodec.decode(pongFrameBuffer)
+        if (pongPacketId != 0x01) {
+            throw IllegalStateException("Expected Pong packet ID 0x01, got $pongPacketId")
+        }
+        val latency = (Clock.System.now().toEpochMilliseconds() - sendTime).toInt()
+        PingResponse(jsonResponse, latency)
     } finally {
         socket.close()
     }
+}
+
+private fun _ReadChannel.readVarIntWithCodec(): Int {
+    val tempBuffer = _Buffer()
+    while (true) {
+        val byte = this.readByte()
+        tempBuffer.writeByte(byte)
+        if ((byte.toInt() and 0x80) == 0) break
+    }
+    return VarIntCodec.decode(tempBuffer)
+}
+
+private fun _ReadChannel.readPacketFrame(): _Buffer {
+    val length = this.readVarIntWithCodec()
+    val frameBytes = this.readBytes(length)
+    return _Buffer().apply {
+        writeBytes(frameBytes)
+    }
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/libmc-nbt/build.gradle.kts b/libmc-nbt/build.gradle.kts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c154c51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libmc-nbt/build.gradle.kts
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+import org.jetbrains.kotlin.gradle.dsl.JvmTarget
+
+repositories {
+    maven("https://repo.rtast.cn/packages/")
+}
+
+kotlin {
+    explicitApi()
+
+    linuxX64()
+    linuxArm64()
+    macosArm64()
+    mingwX64()
+    iosArm64()
+    iosSimulatorArm64()
+    jvm { compilerOptions.jvmTarget = JvmTarget.JVM_1_8 }
+
+    sourceSets {
+        commonMain.dependencies {
+            implementation(project(":common"))
+        }
+
+        jvmMain.dependencies {
+
+        }
+
+        commonTest.dependencies {
+            implementation(kotlin("test"))
+            implementation(libs.kotlinx.coroutines.test)
+        }
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/libmc-nbt/src/commonMain/kotlin/cn/rtast/libmc/anvil/anvil.kt b/libmc-nbt/src/commonMain/kotlin/cn/rtast/libmc/anvil/anvil.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..214d011
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libmc-nbt/src/commonMain/kotlin/cn/rtast/libmc/anvil/anvil.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright © 2026 RTAkland
+ * Author: RTAkland
+ * Date: 2026/9/4
+ */
+
+
+package cn.rtast.libmc.anvil
+
diff --git a/libmc-rconlib/build.gradle.kts b/libmc-rconlib/build.gradle.kts
index 0f8eae9..039da51 100644
--- a/libmc-rconlib/build.gradle.kts
+++ b/libmc-rconlib/build.gradle.kts
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ kotlin {
 
         commonTest.dependencies {
             implementation(kotlin("test"))
-            implementation("org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-coroutines-test:1.11.0")
+            implementation(libs.kotlinx.coroutines.test)
         }
     }
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/settings.gradle.kts b/settings.gradle.kts
index 8062980..6517e83 100644
--- a/settings.gradle.kts
+++ b/settings.gradle.kts
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ rootProject.name = "libmc"
 includeSubModule(":common")
 includeSubModule(":mcping")
 includeSubModule(":rconlib")
+includeSubModule(":nbt")
 
 fun includeSubModule(name: String) = include(name).also {
     project(name).projectDir = file("libmc-${name.removePrefix(":")}")